Mesoamerica Collection (#2)

Borbonic Codex or Borgia Codex
3499697 Borbonic Codex or Borgia Codex; (add.info.: Borbonic Codex or Borgia Codex. Precolumbian Period. Aztecs. Deity Quetzalcoatl. Feathered serpent)

Huitzilopochtli, Aztec god of the war
3478878 Huitzilopochtli, Aztec god of the war; (add.info.: Huitzilopochtli, Aztec god of the war, lord of the sun and fire)

Pre-Columbian Mexico: Mixtec 1200-16th century. 15th century (zoomorphic form from Codex Borgianus)
532972 Pre-Columbian Mexico: Mixtec 1200-16th century. 15th century (zoomorphic form from Codex Borgianus); (add.info.: From the collection at the Vatican Museum.); Universal History Archive/UIG

Aztec god of the dead, Mitlantecuhtli. 15th century (gold pendant)
532975 Aztec god of the dead, Mitlantecuhtli. 15th century (gold pendant); (add.info.: One of the few gold ornaments which escaped being turned into bullion by the Spanish conquistadors)

Montezuma II (1466-1620) last Aztec emperor in his palace, top, judges (center), litigants (bottom)
534529 Montezuma II (1466-1620) last Aztec emperor in his palace, top, judges (center), litigants (bottom). Early 16th century (drawing); Universal History Archive/UIG

Farewell between Hernan (or Hernando) Cortes or Fernand Cortez (1485-1547) and Montezuma (or Moctezuma)
XEE5027230 Farewell between Hernan (or Hernando) Cortes or Fernand Cortez (1485-1547) and Montezuma (or Moctezuma: 1466 - 1520) before the departure of Cortes (1500)

Emperor Moctezuma attacked by rebels
3846963 Emperor Moctezuma attacked by rebels; (add.info.: Emperor Moctezuma attacked by rebels - the fall of the Aztec Empire)

Spaniards attack and island defended by Aztecs while a priest baptizes a baby
PNP344515 Spaniards attack and island defended by Aztecs while a priest baptizes a baby, copied from the Codex Telleriano-Remensis

Spanish conquistadors with their native Tlazcalan allies attack an Aztec temple
532996 Spanish conquistadors with their native Tlazcalan allies attack an Aztec temple. 19th century (copy of section of drawings of Lienzo de Tlazcala lost during Mexican revolution)

Death of MONTEZUMA II (1480-1520) june 24, 1520, engraving
1744545 Death of MONTEZUMA II (1480-1520) june 24, 1520, engraving; (add.info.: Death of MONTEZUMA II (1480-1520) june 24, 1520, engraving); Photo: Tallandier

Page from Codex Vaticanus B. Found in the Collection of Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana

Mexico, Mexico City, Walls Of The Templo Mayor, Aztec Ruins, Great Temple, Tenochtitlan, Cathedral In Background, Temple Buried Underneath The Main Plaza, Centro Historico

Handstone, between 400 and 700. Creator: Unknown
Handstone, between 400 and 700

Costumes de Différents Pays, Guerrier de l'Ancien Mexique, c1797. Creator: Jacques Grasset de Saint-Sauveur
Costumes de Differents Pays, Guerrier de l'Ancien Mexique, c1797

Frog Vessel, between 900 and 1200. Creator: Unknown
Frog Vessel, between 900 and 1200

Costumes de Différents Pays, Topilzin de l'Acien Mexique, c1797. Creators: Jacques Grasset de Saint-Sauveur
Costumes de Differents Pays, Topilzin de l'Acien Mexique, c1797

Flower-Shaped Earflares, between 550 and 850. Creator: Unknown
Flower-Shaped Earflares, between 550 and 850

Jaguar, c.A.D. 800. Creator: Unknown
Jaguar, c.A.D. 800

Figure Undergoing Transformation, 900-300 B.C.. Creator: Unknown
Figure Undergoing Transformation, 900-300 B.C

Monkey, 500 B.C.-A.D. 1000. Creator: Unknown
Monkey, 500 B.C.-A.D. 1000

Standing Female Figure, 500 B.C.-A.D. 1000. Creator: Unknown
Standing Female Figure, 500 B.C.-A.D. 1000

Standing Male Figure (image 1 of 2), 500 B.C.-A.D. 1000. Creator: Unknown
Standing Male Figure (image 1 of 2), 500 B.C.-A.D. 1000

Standing Male Figure, 500 B.C.-A.D. 1000. Creator: Unknown
Standing Male Figure, 500 B.C.-A.D. 1000

Figure with Starry Cape, 500 B.C.-A.D. 100. Creator: Unknown
Figure with Starry Cape, 500 B.C.-A.D. 100

Grater with Handle in the Form of a Male Head, 300 B.C.-A.D. 300. Creator: Unknown
Grater with Handle in the Form of a Male Head, 300 B.C.-A.D. 300

Seated Female, 1400-950 B.C.. Creator: Unknown
Seated Female, 1400-950 B.C

Gladiatorial Sacrifice, 1849. Creator: Unknown
Gladiatorial Sacrifice, 1849. Indigenous people in Mesoamerica. From "Pictorial History of Mexico and the Mexican War", by John Frost, LL.D.. [Thomas, Cowperthwait and Co

Ruins of Quemada, 1849. Creator: Unknown
Ruins of Quemada, 1849. The ancient site of La Quemada in the state of Zacatecas, Mexico, From "Pictorial History of Mexico and the Mexican War", by John Frost, LL.D

Monument at Copan, 1849. Creator: Unknown
Monument at Copan, 1849. Mayan sculpture at Copan in Honduras. From "Pictorial History of Mexico and the Mexican War", by John Frost, LL.D.. [Thomas, Cowperthwait and Co. Philadelphia, 1849]

Royal belt ornament, c.500-700 (jadeite)
1068472 Royal belt ornament, c.500-700 (jadeite) by Mayan; 13.02x16.8275x4.13 cm; Dallas Museum of Art, Texas, USA; (add.info.: Classic period Maya culture); The Nora and John Wise Collection

Mexico, Quintana Roo, El Castillo Pyramid in Chichen Itza archeological site
2040-210378-01

Carved stone pillar of Mayan Calendar, Quirigua, Guatemala
Carved stone pillar or stela (known as Stela E) that recorded the Mayan Calendar, Quirigua, Izabal, Guatemala (Mesoamerica). They were erected to mark the passing of a katun (roughly 20 years)

Portrait head of Pacal, King of Palenque from the Temple of the Inscriptions (stucco)
452456 Portrait head of Pacal, King of Palenque from the Temple of the Inscriptions (stucco) by Mayan; Museo Nacional de Antropologia, Mexico City

Entryway into the Group G palace complex in Tikal National Park, Guatemala
Guatemala, Entryway into the ruins of a palace in Group G of the archeological site of the pre-Columbian Mayan culture in Tikal National Park, UNESCO World Heritage site

Temple I in the ruins of the Mayan civilization in Tikal National Park, Guatemala
Guatemala, Temple I, or Temple of the Great Jaguar, is a funerary pyramid dedicated to Jasaw Chan K awil, who was entombed in the structure in AD 734

The Ruins of Copan, Central America: square stone with sides facing the points of the compass, 1864. Creator: Unknown
The Ruins of Copan, Central America: square stone with sides facing the points of the compass, 1864. Engraving from a photograph by Mr. Osbert Salvin

The Ruins of Copan, Central America: altar-stone, 1864. Creator: Unknown
The Ruins of Copan, Central America: altar-stone, 1864. Engraving from a photograph by Mr. Osbert Salvin. Just where the ruins stand...the valley opens out into a small alluvial plain of great

The Ruins of Copan, Central America: monolith, 1864. Creator: Unknown
The Ruins of Copan, Central America: monolith, 1864. Engraving from a photograph by Mr. Osbert Salvin. Just where the ruins stand...the valley opens out into a small alluvial plain of great

The Ruins of Copan, Central America: a head, with other sculptured stones, 1864. Creator: Unknown
The Ruins of Copan, Central America: a head, with other sculptured stones, 1864. Engraving from a photograph by Mr. Osbert Salvin

Tourists visiting the ancient Mayan town of Uxmal, Yucatan, Mexico. The ruins of Uxmal have been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996

The ancient Mayan town of Uxmal, Yucatan, Mexico. The ruins of Uxmal have been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996

A tourist looking at the ancient Mayan town of Uxmal, Yucatan, Mexico. The ruins of Uxmal have been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996. (MR)

Detail of a sculpture inside the ancient Mayan town of Uxmal, Yucatan, Mexico. The ruins of Uxmal have been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996

Mexico, Mexico City, Aztec Chacmool, Sculpture, Templo Mayor, Great Temple, Tenochtitlan, Centro Historico

Mexico, Mexico City, Temple Of The Feathered Serpent, Temple Of Quetzalocatl, Pyramid, Teotihuacan, Ancient Civilization, Tourist And Guide

La Merced Church (1767), Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala

Monastery and church La Recolleccion (Colegio de Cristo Crucificado) (1717), Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala

Pyramid of the Magician, Uxmal archeological site, Yucatan, Mexico

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Mesoamerica: A Tapestry of History and Resilience From the ancient civilizations that thrived in Mesoamerica to the modern-day struggles for justice, this region has witnessed remarkable events that have shaped its vibrant tapestry. In 1968, during the Olympic Games held in Mexico City, American runners Tommie Smith and John Carlos boldly raised their fists in a Black Power salute during the medal ceremonies. Their powerful gesture resonated worldwide, while Australian Peter Norman stood beside them wearing an OPHR badge, displaying solidarity against racial inequality. Diego Rivera's murals at the Ministry of Public Education capture both the solemnity and celebration of Mesoamerican culture. His mural depicting "Day of the Dead" showcases a rich tradition where life and death intertwine harmoniously. Another masterpiece portrays pre-Columbian life, specifically highlighting Zapotec civilization's contributions to Mexican heritage. The colored woodcut from 1556 offers a glimpse into Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City) at the time of Spanish conquest—a city brimming with architectural marvels and cultural richness that would forever be altered by European colonization. The cry for revolution echoed through Miguel Hidalgo's call to revolt on September 16th, 1810—the spark igniting Mexico's fight for independence. Juan O Gorman immortalized this historic moment in his mural capturing Hidalgo's impassioned plea. Mexican kitchens have long been hubs of culinary artistry and cultural preservation. An unknown artist beautifully depicts two women diligently working amidst pots and pans—an ode to their invaluable role in sustaining traditions. Rivera also pays tribute to educators with his portrayal of "The Rural School Teacher. " This mural symbolizes education as a catalyst for progress—empowering generations with knowledge and shaping brighter futures. Francisco Pancho Villa emerges as an indomitable figure within Mexican history—a revolutionary leader who fought tirelessly alongside his military staff during the Mexican Revolution.